Gallstones Symptoms and Treatment will be described in the following article. Gallstones can be described as small concretions composed of cholesterol, some pigments, and several other components. They develop inside the gallbladder. However, these stones can move into some other area of the biliary tract, for example, the common bile duct, cystic duct, or pancreatic duct.
Gallstones are considered responsible for many problems associated with the gallbladder, like inflammation of the gallbladder, and bile duct obstruction (that can cause severe problems like pancreatitis or ascending cholangitis). Sometimes, gallstones can lead to life-threatening problems.
The gallstone’s presence is called cholelithiasis. In case these stones move further through the biliary tract, this will be called “choledocholithiasis”. This condition is related to the biliary tree obstruction, and this can further lead to severe bile duct infection.
Gallstones can be quite small – barely visible – or they can be quite large. In some cases, thick secretions can be present inside the gallbladder along with gallstones. This is called ‘sludge’.
Gallstones can be composed of different elements, which will depend on a person’s age and his/her diet. There are several types of gallstones:
- Pigment stones
- Cholesterol stones
- Mixed stones.
Gallstones Symptoms and Treatment Pigment stones can be quite small. These stones are usually dark, composed of calcium salts and bilirubin (both elements are present in bile). These stones have nearly twenty percent of cholesterol.
Cholesterol stones can be yellowish, brown, or green. They are usually oval and quite large (two or three centimeters long). The center is usually darker in color. These stones contain large amounts of cholesterol – as much as eighty percent.
Mixed stones can contain a lot of cholesterol, but they can also have only twenty percent of this substance. Mixed stones can also contain palmitate, calcium carbonate, bilirubin, phosphate, and some other pigments. These stones are radiographically detectable because they contain calcium.
What Are the Symptoms of Gallstones?
Some people can have gallstones but without any symptoms. These are known as silent stones. This condition usually requires no special treatment. However, the symptoms will probably occur once the gallstones grow in size. One of the most common symptoms is known as a gallstone attack. It is characterized by severe pain in the abdomen, vomiting, and nausea. These symptoms can last for hours. You can also feel the pain around your right shoulder. In most cases, these symptoms occur after eating fatty foods, and most people have these symptoms during the night.
Some of the common symptoms can include:
- Gas
- Bloating
- Belching
- Indigestion
- Sensitivity to fatty food items
Gallstones can be caused by different factors. Obese people can be at risk of developing gallstones. Women are at higher risk, compared to men. People who lack melatonin are at higher risk of developing gallstones. Diet can be another important factor when it comes to gallstone formation.
We still do not know if there is a close relation between gallstones and diet, but we do know that people who consume foods that are high in cholesterol, can be at risk of getting gallstones.
Sudden weight loss can be a contributing factor as well. People who do not consume foods that contain vitamin C, calcium, and magnesium can also be at risk.
How to Treat Gallstones
Cholesterol stones can be broken down, but in some cases, the patient will have to take medications for a couple of years. It is important to say that gallstones can come back. In cases where there is a bile duct obstruction, ERS can be used. The stones can also be eliminated by using lithotripsy. This procedure uses shock waves, breaking the stones into small particles. This treatment cannot be used in cases where there are many gallstones.
Gallstones Symptoms and Treatment Cholecystectomy is also one of the treatment methods. However, this procedure is done when all other options fail. This is actually gallbladder removal. Although it is done only in severe cases, gallbladder surgery is considered quite safe. Complications that can result from this procedure are quite rare.
Open cholecystectomy and laparoscopic cholecystectomy are two types of gallbladder surgery. The first one is an older method. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is considered a better option. The risk of infection is significantly lower than in open cholecystectomy. This method usually leaves a tiny scar, which is another great advantage. The recovery time is shorter than in open cholecystectomy.
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